Table 3. Classification of chemical compounds identified in Liquidambar excelsa balsam fractions

Extraction method Compound % Content Class of compound
Hydro-distillation
 Essential oil γ-Terpinene 40.60 Monoterpene
α-Pinene 25.09 Monoterpene
β-Pinene 14.77 Monoterpene
Germacrene-D 4.44 Sesquiterpene
Terpinen-4-ol 3.42 Monoterpenol
Camphene 2.52 Monoterpene
d 1.70 Monoterpene
-Limonene β-Myrcene 1.56 Monoterpene
 Hydrosol Terpinen-4-ol 24.83 Monoterpenol
3-Phenyl propanol 5.95 Aromatic–aliphatic alcohol
Cinnamyl alcohol 2.55 Phenylpropanoid
Menthol 3.11 Monoterpenol
Methyl 11-octadecenoate 2.14 fatty acid methyl ester
Benzaldehyde 2.02 Phenylpropanoid
 Ethanol extraction Ursolic aldehyde 22.57 Triterpenoid aldehyde
Cinnamyl cinnamate (Styracin) 13.02 Aromatic cinnamate ester
Bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane 9.02 Cyclic monoterpene
Lupeol 8.34 Triterpenoid
2-Propenoic acid ester 4.25 Ester fenolik
Germacrene-D 3.76 Sesquiterpene
2,4,5-Trichlorophenyl cinnamate 2.66 Aromatic cinnamate ester
Terpinen-4-ol 1.23 Monoterpenol
n-Hexane extraction Ursolic aldehyde 22.05 Triterpenoid aldehyde
β-Phellandrene 16.63 Monoterpene
Lupeol 12.90 Triterpenoid
Cinnamyl cinnamate (Styracin) 8.28 Aromatic cinnamate ester
α-Pinene 7.31 Monoterpene
Uvaol 6.38 Triterpenoid
Terpinen-4-ol 5.55 Monoterpenol
β-Caryophyllene 1.39 Sesquiterpene
Hydrodistillation and ethanol and n-hexane extractions were conducted using separate aliquots of the balsam exudate.