Table 3. Comprehensive analysis of anatomical and chemical properties in 43 Broussonetia kazinoki bast fiber samples

ID	Fiber length (mm)	Fiber width (μm)	Lumen width (μm)	Cell wall thickness (μm)	RR	AR	FC	RC	NaOH (%)	Holocellulose (%)	Lignin (%)	Ash (%)
1	11.56 ± 4.2	22.99 ± 5.2	11.19 ± 3.9	5.90	1.05	0.50	0.49	0.51	40.74	83.02	0.69	2.92
2	11.61 ± 4.4	22.96 ± 6.4	12.02 ± 4.3	5.47	0.91	0.51	0.52	0.48	33.00	82.66	0.25	1.80
3	10.39 ± 5.2	20.88 ± 6.5	10.99 ± 4.3	4.95	0.90	0.50	0.53	0.47	38.78	78.05	0.29	2.48
4	9.61 ± 3.5	22.66 ± 5.0	11.99 ± 3.4	5.34	0.89	0.42	0.53	0.47	36.55	86.19	0.23	1.94
5	10.94 ± 3.6	21.48 ± 5.1	10.88 ± 3.8	5.30	0.97	0.51	0.51	0.49	32.43	84.78	0.80	2.57
6	10.26 ± 3.2	22.10 ± 4.2	11.63 ± 3.0	5.23	0.90	0.46	0.53	0.47	39.33	85.10	0.11	3.29
7	10.69 ± 4.4	21.68 ± 5.1	10.67 ± 4.3	5.50	1.03	0.49	0.49	0.51	31.36	80.22	0.34	1.60
8	8.83 ± 2.9	22.25 ± 5.1	11.65 ± 3.3	5.30	0.91	0.40	0.52	0.48	31.65	76.36	0.59	2.11
9	10.27 ± 3.6	22.19 ± 5.5	11.35 ± 3.7	5.42	0.96	0.46	0.51	0.49	38.19	70.61	0.13	2.91
10	11.70 ± 4.0	23.51 ± 5.4	12.21 ± 3.3	5.65	0.93	0.50	0.52	0.48	46.41	71.59	0.09	3.04
11	11.30 ± 4.0	21.37 ± 4.4	10.94 ± 3.5	5.22	0.95	0.53	0.51	0.49	38.56	81.81	0.62	3.04
12	9.51 ± 3.2	21.15 ± 4.9	11.27 ± 4.5	4.94	0.88	0.45	0.53	0.47	41.77	81.73	0.24	2.43
13	10.04 ± 3.6	23.55 ± 5.1	12.47 ± 3.6	5.54	0.89	0.43	0.53	0.47	44.38	84.14	0.12	2.61
14	8.19 ± 2.6	21.84 ± 5.2	11.96 ± 3.6	4.94	0.83	0.38	0.55	0.45	45.65	74.74	0.18	2.35
15	10.47 ± 4.1	21.58 ± 4.6	11.52 ± 4.1	5.03	0.87	0.49	0.53	0.47	36.39	82.05	0.40	2.17
16	9.29 ± 2.8	21.16 ± 4.9	11.33 ± 4.2	4.91	0.87	0.44	0.54	0.46	35.28	81.98	0.43	2.00
17	10.26 ± 3.4	23.84 ± 4.7	12.92 ± 2.9	5.46	0.85	0.43	0.54	0.46	31.69	84.97	0.43	3.36
18	9.59 ± 3.0	21.70 ± 5.2	11.38 ± 4.1	5.16	0.91	0.44	0.52	0.48	33.73	79.50	0.68	2.30
19	9.44 ± 3.1	21.37 ± 4.8	11.00 ± 3.7	5.18	0.94	0.44	0.51	0.49	44.26	83.56	0.33	3.20
20	9.65 ± 4.2	23.30 ± 5.5	12.51 ± 4.4	5.39	0.86	0.41	0.54	0.46	39.97	80.26	0.71	3.80
21	12.79 ± 6.6	23.96 ± 5.1	12.71 ± 3.8	5.63	0.89	0.53	0.53	0.47	46.91	83.84	0.02	3.67
22	9.93 ± 3.9	22.90 ± 6.4	12.75 ± 4.8	5.07	0.80	0.43	0.56	0.44	33.88	76.55	0.22	2.52
23	10.57 ± 3.8	22.01 ± 4.4	11.79 ± 2.8	5.11	0.87	0.48	0.54	0.46	34.17	83.69	0.48	2.00
24	10.20 ± 2.8	20.98 ± 5.5	10.70 ± 4.0	5.14	0.96	0.49	0.51	0.49	34.13	83.42	0.26	2.23
25	10.66 ± 4.0	22.40 ± 4.7	11.98 ± 3.8	5.21	0.87	0.48	0.53	0.47	33.53	82.84	0.27	2.41
26	11.21 ± 3.9	21.26 ± 4.7	11.42 ± 3.0	4.92	0.86	0.53	0.54	0.46	44.88	80.90	0.48	2.68
27	11.05 ± 4.0	21.47 ± 4.4	11.42 ± 3.2	5.02	0.88	0.51	0.53	0.47	38.08	79.45	0.88	2.69
28	9.80 ± 3.3	21.63 ± 4.5	11.70 ± 3.2	4.97	0.85	0.45	0.54	0.46	43.78	82.34	0.39	3.00
29	10.15 ± 3.5	22.18 ± 4.6	11.85 ± 3.4	5.16	0.87	0.46	0.53	0.47	39.74	83.13	0.15	2.55
30	11.01 ± 4.6	24.00 ± 5.6	13.26 ± 3.9	5.37	0.81	0.46	0.55	0.45	43.38	78.87	0.52	2.88
31	11.36 ± 4.8	24.32 ± 6.7	13.14 ± 5.0	5.59	0.85	0.47	0.54	0.46	43.62	78.55	0.29	2.81
32	11.01 ± 4.1	24.06 ± 4.6	12.63 ± 3.0	5.71	0.90	0.46	0.52	0.47	38.52	80.61	0.78	2.02
33	12.48 ± 4.8	23.63 ± 6.7	12.54 ± 5.2	5.54	0.88	0.53	0.53	0.47	38.66	83.91	0.56	2.26
34	12.81 ± 5.1	24.88 ± 5.6	13.20 ± 3.8	5.84	0.88	0.51	0.53	0.47	40.35	84.99	1.03	2.38
35	11.13 ± 5.0	22.69 ± 5.4	11.87 ± 3.3	5.41	0.91	0.49	0.52	0.48	39.99	83.05	0.75	2.41
36	10.57 ± 4.3	22.38 ± 5.3	11.93 ± 4.1	5.22	0.88	0.47	0.53	0.47	38.34	81.89	0.18	2.39
37	10.66 ± 3.5	21.90 ± 4.6	11.64 ± 3.3	5.13	0.88	0.49	0.53	0.47	41.47	77.18	1.06	2.59
38	10.36 ± 3.8	22.08 ± 4.7	11.60 ± 3.1	5.24	0.90	0.47	0.53	0.47	42.82	78.80	0.37	3.98
39	8.45 ± 2.7	22.60 ± 4.8	12.21 ± 3.3	5.19	0.85	0.37	0.54	0.46	31.59	86.33	0.52	2.35
40	9.12 ± 2.7	23.12 ± 5.2	11.93 ± 3.5	5.59	0.94	0.39	0.52	0.48	32.32	83.37	0.98	1.98
41	10.70 ± 3.5	21.42 ± 4.6	10.36 ± 3.5	5.53	1.07	0.50	0.48	0.52	32.34	83.00	0.33	1.88
42	8.53 ± 2.9	19.93 ± 5.2	10.10 ± 4.0	4.91	0.97	0.43	0.51	0.49	34.47	83.24	0.99	2.35
43	8.33 ± 2.5	22.91 ± 4.4	11.93 ± 3.0	5.49	0.92	0.36	0.52	0.48	34.72	82.13	0.54	2.73

RR: Runkel ratio, AR: aspect ratio, FC: flexibility coefficient, RC: rigidity coefficient.