Table 2. Basic properties of Korean pine

Anatomical properties
Length of tracheid (n = 30) Width of tracheid (n = 30) Thickness of cell wall for tracheid (n = 30)
Earlywood Latewood Earlywood Latewood Earlywood Latewood
R section T section R section T section
2.36 mm (0.29)* 3.12 mm (0.20) 44.83 μm (6.10) 31.62 μm (5.22) 20.88 μm (4.75) 29.92 μm (2.60) 2.74 μm (0.24) 4.73 μm (0.61)
Physical properties
Specific gravity (n = 100) Total shrinkage (n = 100)
Green Air-dry Oven-dry Linear Volumetric
L direction R direction T direction
0.380 (0.024) 0.399 (0.022) 0.421 (0.021) 0.49% (0.21) 2.24% (0.57) 7.19% (1.62) 9.70% (1.92)
Mechanical properties
Bending strength Compression strength parallel to the grain Tensile strength parallel to the grain
Air-dry (12% MC*) (n = 25) Green (n = 20) Air-dry (12% MC) (n = 25) Green (n = 28) Air-dry (10.9% MC) (n = 16) Green (n = 16)
73.3 MPa (7.9) 33.6 MPa (3.9) 38.1 MPa (4.9) 16.0 MPa (2.0) 77.1 MPa (11.6) 50.1 MPa (6.5)
Shear strength Hardness
R section T section C section R section T section
Air-dry(13% MC)(n = 15) Green(n = 16) Air-dry(13% MC)(n = 18) Green(n = 16) Air-dry(12% MC)(n = 10) Air-dry(12% MC)(n = 10) Air-dry(12% MC)(n = 10)
7.4 MPa (0.8) 4.3 MPa (0.4) 8.0 MPa (0.7) 4.4 MPa (0.3) 3.6 kN (0.5) 2.4 kN (0.3) 2.4 kN (0.4)
Chemical compositions
Ash (n = 6) Extractives (n = 6) Lignin (n = 6)
Acid-insoluble Acid-soluble Total
0.27% (0.04) 3.34% (0.34) 27.39% (0.29) 1.73% (0.24) 29.12% (0.51)
Sugars (n = 6)
Glucan XMG** Arabinan Total
42.85% (0.44) 20.23% (0.07) 1.15% (0.01) 64.23% (0.37)
SD in parentheses.
n: number of specimens used in the evaluation or number of repetitions of evaluation.
R section: radial section, T section: tangential section, L direction: longitudinal direction, R direction: radial direction, T direction: tangential direction, C section: cross section,
MC: moisture content,
XMG: xylan + mannan + galactan.