Table 1. Visual observations of the bio pellets with the ratio between SCGs and pine wood charcoal

Testing HM BM
4:6 6:4 4:6 6:4
Flame duration (minute) 24.30 23.01 29.10 26.06
Combustion rate (g/minute) 0.0407 0.0375 0.0379 0.0427
Compressive strength (kgf/cm2) 1.3309 0.9760 2.9005 2.3960
SCGs: spent coffee grounds, HM: hammer mill, BM: ball mill.