Table 3.
Properties of the gambir-sucrose adhesives used in this study

Gambir/sucrose blending ratio (wt%)	pH	Viscosity* (mPa.s)	Density (g/cm3)	Solid content (%)	Gelation time at 100°C (min)
100/0	8.00	33.24	1.13	25.56	73
75/0	8.06	12.54	1.12	27.78	127
50/50	8.08	8.64	1.13	28.44	237
25/75	8.00	7.30	1.12	28.00	420
PF resins**	12±1	60~250	1.17~1.18	44±1	15~40

Viscosity was measured with a spindle number 61, speed 100 rpm on Brookfield viscometer LV DV-E
Phenol-formaldehyde resins IP-100 type specification (Intanwijaya International, 2019)